Cardiology is the branch of internal medicine that deals with disorders of the heart and blood vessels. Cardiology is further divided into the branches of congenital heart defects, coronary artery diseases, heart failures, valvular heart diseases and electrophysiology.

Acute Myocardial Infraction (MI or AMI), also known as a heart attack, occurs when blood supply to part of the heart is interrupted. This most commonly occurs due to blockage of a coronary artery following the rupture of a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque, which is an unstable collection of lipids like cholesterol and white blood cells, especially macrophages, in the wall of an artery.
The resulting restriction in blood supply and oxygen shortage, if left untreated for a sufficient period, can cause damage and/or death (infarction) of heart muscle tissue (myocardium).

Cardiothoracic Surgery is the field of medicine, involved in surgical treatment of diseases affecting organs inside the thorax (the chest) and treatment of conditions of the heart and lungs.